SECTION I – ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Chapter 1. Physics of ultrasound and Doppler
Pablo Espinosa Mur
- INTRODUCTION TO ULTRASOUND PHYSICS
- TRANSDUCERS AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES
- DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
- ULTRASOUND ARTIFACTS
Chapter 2. Standard imaging views: B-Mode and M-Mode
Michelle Colpitts
- B-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- STANDARD IMAGING VIEWS
Chapter 3. Tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Giorgia Santarelli
- BASICS OF MYOCARDIAL MECHANICS
- TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING
- TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STRAIN
- IMAGING AND PARAMETERS OF DEFORMATION ANALYSIS
Chapter 4. Transesophageal echocardiography
João Loureiro, Joel Silva, Sophie Goodrich
- TRANSESOPHAGEAL CARDIAC EXAMINATION
- USE OF TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR SPECIFIC CARDIAC CONDITIONS
Chapter 5. Three-dimensional echocardiography
Giulio Menciotti
- ACQUISITION MODALITIES
- DATASET VISUALIZATION AND POST-PROCESSING
- REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
SECTION II – CARDIAC FUNCTION AND HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION
Chapter 6. Left ventricle size and systolic function
Lynne O'Sullivan, Shari Raheb
- LEFT VENTRICULAR SIZE
- LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
Chapter 7. Left ventricular diastolic function
Ilaria Spalla
- BASIC PRINCIPLES
- ASSESSING DIASTOLIC (DYS)FUNCTION
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION
- TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING
- OTHER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS
- STAGING DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- RIGHT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION
Chapter 8. Left atrium
Marco Baron Toaldo
- PRINCIPLES OF LEFT ATRIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND HEMODYNAMICS
- TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE LEFT ATRIUM
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC VIEWS TO ASSESS THE LEFT ATRIUM
- ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL DIMENSIONS
- REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY OF THE LEFT ATRIUM
- ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION WITH CONVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MODALITIES
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF MYOCARDIAL DEFORMATION: TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING AND SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Chapter 9. Right heart
Lance C. Visser
- STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RIGHT HEART
- FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RIGHT HEART
Chapter 10. Shunt quantification
Arianne F. Fabella, Sarifa Lakhdhir, Carl Toborowsky
- HEMODYNAMIC CONCEPTS
- CARDIAC SHUNT ASSESSMENT WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- QUANTIFICATION OF CARDIAC SHUNTING VIA CATHETERIZATION
- CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Chapter 11. Ventriculo-arterial coupling
Stefano Oricco
- VENTRICULO-ARTERIAL COUPLING
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- CLINICAL APPLICATION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Chapter 12. Assessment of stenoses
Serena Crosara, Cecilia Quintavalla
- FLUID DYNAMICS OF VALVULAR STENOSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF STENOSES WITH SPECTRAL DOPPLER
- QUANTIFICATION OF SEMILUNAR VALVE STENOSIS
- QUANTIFICATION OF MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS
Chapter 13. Assessment of valvular regurgitation
Cecilia Quintavalla, Serena Crosara
- FLUID DYNAMICS OF VALVULAR REGURGITATION
- COLOR DOPPLER IMAGING
- SPECTRAL DOPPLER IMAGING
SECTION III – ACQUIRED HEART DISEASES
Chapter 14. Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Michele Borgarelli, Giulio Menciotti
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MITRAL VALVE IN PATIENTS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DEGENERATION
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MMVD
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION SEVERITY
- PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DEGENERATION
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION FOR STAGING MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION FOR PROGNOSTICATION IN MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE
Chapter 15. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Lynne O'Sullivan, Shari Raheb
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- COMPLEMENTARY ECHO TECHNIQUES
- ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
- PHENOCOPIES
Chapter 16. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Pedro Oliveira
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS
- POSSIBLE PITFALLS
Chapter 17. Feline cardiomyopathies
Ananda Pires, Sonja Fonfara
- STAGING
- HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
- DIFFERENTIALS FOR LV HYPERTROPHY
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH
- RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
- NON-SPECIFIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
- ARRHYTHMOGENIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
- DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- LEFT VENTRICULAR NON-COMPACTION
Chapter 18. Bacterial endocarditis
Elzbieta Mederska, Joanna Dukes McEwan
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- PREDISPOSING FACTORS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCARDITIS
- TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF ENDOCARDITIS
Chapter 19. Pericardial disease and neoplasia
Brigite Pedro, João Neves
- THE PERICARDIUM
- PERICARDIAL DISEASES
- CARDIAC NEOPLASIA
Chapter 20. Pulmonary hypertension
Lance C. Visser
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CATS
- CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
SECTION IV – CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES
Chapter 21. Outflow stenosis
Chris Linney
- PULMONIC STENOSIS
- DOUBLE-CHAMBERED RIGHT VENTRICLE
- TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
- AORTIC STENOSIS
Chapter 22. Atrioventricular valve dysplasia
Keaton Morgan, Christopher D. Stauthammer
- MITRAL VALVE DYSPLASIA
- TRICUSPID VALVE DYSPLASIA
- EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY
Chapter 23. Intracardiac and extracardiac shunts
Keaton Morgan, Christopher D. Stauthammer
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SHUNTING
- INTRACARDIAC SHUNTS
- EXTRACARDIAC SHUNTS
Chapter 24. Complex congenital heart diseases
Keaton Morgan, Christopher D. Stauthammer
- COMPLEX DEFECTS OF VENOATRIAL CONNECTIONS
- COMPLEX CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF THE VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM
- CONOTRUNCAL DEFECTS