Contributors xiii
Preface xxix
About the Companion Website xxx
VOLUME 1
Section 1 Emergency Medicine Overview 1
1 Goals in Veterinary Emergency Medicine 3
Dustin Schmid and Bob Murtaugh
2 Triage 6
Nadja Sigrist
Section 2 Common Conditions in Emergency Medicine 11
3 Neurological Disorders 13
Daniel J. Fletcher
4 Respiratory Distress 18
Elizabeth Rozanski
5 Ventricular Ectopy 22
Lisa A. Murphy and Reid K. Nakamura
6 Acute Abdomen 26
Amy Koenigshof
7 The Collapsed Patient 31
Anna R. Gelzer and Marc S. Kraus
8 Global Approach to the Trauma Patient 39
Katie D. Mauro and Kenneth J. Drobatz
9 Reproductive Emergencies 44
Maureen McMichael
10 Anemia 48
Jillian DiFazio and Susan G. Hackner
11 Jaundice 55
Leo Londoño and Michael Schaer
12 Ophthalmic Emergencies 60
Steven R. Hollingsworth
13 Vomiting, Regurgitation, and Diarrhea 66
Rebecca Flores and Deborah C. Mandell
14 Dysuria 72
Joseph Bartges
15 Dermatological and Ear Disease 76
Brian K. Roberts
16 Toxin Exposure 92
Tina A. Wismer
17 Epistaxis 97
Meghan E. Vaught and Elizabeth Rozanski
18 Fever 101
Melissa A. Claus
Section 3 Emergency Conditions by System 107
A. Neurological Disorders 109
19 Traumatic Brain Injury 111
Jillian DiFazio and Daniel J. Fletcher
20 Altered Mentation 118
Cassie Ostroski and Kenneth J. Drobatz
21 Seizures 124
Leontine Benedicenti and Evelyn M. Galban
22 Intracranial Disease 131
Kendra Mikoloski
23 Vestibular Disease 137
Laura Harvey
24 Spinal Trauma 146
Patrick J. Kenny
25 Intervertebral Disk Disease 154
Evelyn M. Galban and Jonathan H. Wood
26 Diskospondylitis 161
Sheila Carrera-Justiz
27 Lower Motor Neuron Disease 166
Patrick J. Kenny, Dominic Barfield, and Richard Malik
B. Respiratory Disease 177
28 Brachycephalic Syndrome 179
Guillaume L. Hoareau
29 Feline Upper Respiratory Complex 186
Alexandra Pfaff
30 Laryngeal Paralysis 193
Margo Mehl
31 Tracheobronchial Injury and Collapse 196
Dana L. Clarke
32 Acute Airway Obstruction 206
Dana L. Clarke
33 Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis 215
Lynelle R. Johnson
34 Feline Lower Airway Disease 220
Tekla Lee-Fowler
35 Puppy Pneumonia 225
Elizabeth Rozanski and Alex Lynch
36 Coughing and Hemoptysis 229
Geoff Heffner
37 Bronchopneumonia 234
Anthony L. Gonzalez and Lesley G. King
38 Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 242
Mark A. Oyama
39 Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema 247
Kenneth J. Drobatz
40 Submersion Injury 253
Nuno Félix and Isabelle Goy-Thollot
41 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 260
Søren Boysen
42 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 266
Ronald Li and Joshua A. Stern
43 Primary and Metastatic Pulmonary Neoplasia 273
Erika L. Krick
44 Pneumothorax 278
Erin Mooney
45 Pleural Effusion 285
Lori Waddell
46 Pyothorax 291
Kate Farrell and Steven Epstein
47 Diaphragmatic Hernia 298
Cara A. Blake
48 Penetrating Thoracic Trauma 304
Ingrid M. Balsa, Guillaume L. Hoareau, and William T.N. Culp
49 Blunt Thoracic Trauma 309
Guillaume L. Hoareau, Ingrid M. Balsa, and William T. N. Culp
50 Look-Alike Causes of Respiratory Distress 316
Angela Borchers and Laura Cagle
C. Cardiovascular Disease 319
51 Mechanisms of Heart Failure 321
Mark A. Oyama
52 Congenital Cardiovascular Disease 325
Joshua A. Stern
53 Arrhythmias 329
Meg M. Sleeper
54 Pericardial Effusion 336
Sean B. Majoy
55 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 341
Suzanne M. Cunningham and Kursten V. Pierce
56 Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 349
Lance C. Visser
57 Valvular Heart Disease 355
John MacGregor
58 Heartworm Disease 362
Marisa K. Ames
59 Pulmonary Hypertension 372
Rebecca Quinn
60 Bradyarrhythmias and Pacemakers 380
Lance C. Visser
61 Myocarditis 385
Lisa A. Murphy and Reid K. Nakamura
62 Thromboembolic Disease 388
Julien Guillaumin
63 Systemic Arterial Hypertension 397
Amanda E. Coleman
D. Hematological and Oncological Disorders 405
64 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 407
Andrew G. Burton and Karl E. Jandrey
65 Non-Regenerative Anemia 413
Alex Lynch
66 Hemolytic Anemia 419
Megan Morgan and Susan G. Hackner
67 Thrombocytopenia 427
Maureen McMichael
68 Fibrinolysis and Antifibrinolytics 430
Jo-Annie Letendre and Robert Goggs
69 Congenital Coagulopathy 440
Elizabeth Rozanski and Armelle de Laforcade
70 Acquired Coagulopathy 444
Ronald Li
71 Antithrombotics in the Emergency Room 455
Armelle de Laforcade
72 Sick Oncology Patients in the Emergency Room 459
Kim Slensky and Craig A. Clifford
73 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 467
Alycen P. Lundberg and Laura D. Garrett
E. Esophageal and Abdominal Disease 473
74 Vomiting and Regurgitation 475
Jayme E. Hoffberg
75 Esophageal Foreign Bodies 481
Mark P. Rondeau
76 Diarrhea 485
Marko Pipan
77 Hematemesis and Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 490
Kayla Hanson and Elke Rudloff
78 Parvovirus Enteritis 496
Raegan J. Wells and Lauren A. Sullivan
79 Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis 501
Erica L. Reineke
80 Protein-Losing Enteropathy 506
Rachel E. Smith and Robert J. Washabau
81 Gastrointestinal Obstruction 511
Chap Pratt
82 Gastric Dilation-Volvulus 520
Elke Rudloff
83 Mesenteric Torsion 524
Fabio Vigano’
84 Hemoperitoneum 528
S. Anna Pesillo-Crosby
85 Splenic Disease 535
Alex Lynch and Therese E. O’Toole
86 Pancreatitis 541
Erica Tinson and Elise Boller
87 Peritonitis 550
Medora Pashmakova and James Barr
88 Postoperative Complications Presenting to the Emergency Service 556
Therese E. O’Toole
89 Biliary Disease 561
Amanda K. Boag and Steve J. Mehler
90 Acute Liver Failure 566
Deborah C. Mandell
91 Feeding Tube Complications 578
Daniel L. Chan
92 Anorectal Disease 582
David E. Holt
93 Constipation 587
Mark P. Rondeau
Index
VOLUME 2
F. Urogenital Disorders 593
94 Acute Azotemia 595
Carrie Palm
95 Oliguria 601
J.D. Foster
96 Urinary Tract Infections 606
Reid Groman
97 Urolithiasis 620
Joseph Bartges
98 Feline Ureteral Obstruction: Diagnosis and Management 627
Allyson Berent
99 Feline Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction 634
Edward Cooper
100 Urethral Trauma 641
Elena S. Addison and Donald A. Yool
101 Lyme Nephritis 646
Meryl P. Littman
102 Chronic Kidney Disease 653
Melisa G. Rosenthal and Mary A. Labato
103 Uroabdomen 659
Saya Press and Anusha Balakrishnan
104 Urethral Prolapse 665
Jennifer Carr
105 Discolored Urine 667
Julie M. Walker
106 Urinary Diversion in the Emergency Room 673
Cassie Ostroski and Dana L. Clarke
G. Acid-base, Electrolyte and Endocrine Disorders 681
107 Acid–Base Disorders 683
Kate Hopper
108 Sodium and Water Balance 690
Yu Ueda and Kate Hopper
109 Potassium Disorders 700
Sabrina N. Hoehne and Matthew Mellema
110 Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Disorders 709
Matthew Mellema
111 Hypoglycemia 719
Anthony L. Gonzalez and Deborah C. Silverstein
112 Hyperglycemia 726
Gideon Daniel and Alex Lynch
113 Complicated Diabetes Mellitus 729
Amie Koenig
114 Adrenal Gland Disorders 736
Jonathan D. Dear and Guillaume L. Hoareau
115 Hypoadrenocorticism 742
Søren Boysen
116 Thyroid Disorders 752
Jonathan D. Dear
117 Diabetes Insipidus 757
Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon
H. Reproductive Disorders 763
118 Dystocia 765
Liam Donaldson and Philip Thomas
119 Eclampsia 771
Michelle A. Kutzler
120 Neonatal Resuscitation 775
Carol A. Margolis and Margret L. Casal
121 Diseases of the Neonate 779
Andrea Hesser and Autumn P. Davidson
122 Metritis and Mastitis 791
Sophie A. Grundy
123 Pyometra 795
Grayson B. Wallace and Margret L. Casal
124 Prostatic Disease 802
Autumn P. Davidson
125 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse 807
Michelle A. Kutzler
126 Penile, Preputial, and Testicular Disease 812
James Lavely and Autumn P. Davidson
I. Common Toxins 819
127 Decontamination and Toxicological Analyses of the Poisoned Patient 821
Justine A. Lee
128 Lipid “Rescue” Therapy 831
Kathryn Benavides and Jonathan Babyak
129 Blood Purification Techniques for Intoxications 835
Carrie Palm
130 Rodenticide Toxicity 841
Jesse Bullock and Alex Lynch
131 Ethylene Glycol Intoxication 846
Rachel B. Davy-Moyle and Leo Londoño
132 Acetaminophen Intoxication 851
Amanda Thomer and Lesley G. King
133 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Intoxications 856
Angela Borchers
134 Grape, Raisin, and Lily Ingestion 862
J.D. Foster
135 Recreational Drug Intoxications 866
Melissa Bucknoff
136 Household Toxins 871
Lindsey Nielsen
J. Skin and Soft Tissue Disease 875
137 Life-Threatening Dermatological Emergencies 877
Brian K. Roberts
138 Severe Soft Tissue Infections 892
Melissa Clark and Yekaterina Buriko
K. Environmental Emergencies 897
139 Smoke Inhalation Toxicity 899
Erin McGowan and Kenneth J. Drobatz
140 Porcupine Quilling 905
Elizabeth Rozanski
141 Crotalinae Snake Envenomation 909
Raegan J. Wells
142 Elapid Snake Envenomation: North American Coral Snakes and Australian Elapids (Tiger Snakes, Brown Snakes, Taipans, Death Adders, and Black Snakes) 914
Katrin Swindells and Michael Schaer
143 Spider and Scorpion Envenomation 921
Kate Hopper
144 Bufo Toad Toxicosis 926
Leo Londoño and Gareth Buckley
145 Hymenoptera Envenomation 930
Rebecca Flores and Vincent Thawley
146 Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis 936
Sabrina N. Hoehne and Kate Hopper
147 Canine Heat Stroke 942
Yaron Bruchim and Efrat Kelmer
148 Cold Exposure 950
Karol A. Mathews
149 Electrical and Lightning Injuries 956
F.A. (Tony) Mann
Section 4 Trauma and Resuscitation 963
A. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 965
150 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Emergency Room 967
Daniel J. Fletcher and Manuel Boller
151 Small Animal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Initiatives 974
Manuel Boller and Daniel J. Fletcher
B. Circulatory Shock 979
152 Pathophysiology of Shock 981
Edward Cooper
153 Hypovolemic Shock 986
Corrin Boyd and Lisa Smart
154 Cardiogenic Shock 993
Luiz Bolfer and Meg M. Sleeper
155 Additional Mechanisms of Shock 1000
Sean Smarick and Iain Keir
156 Lactate Monitoring 1005
Casey Kohen and Kate Hopper
157 Emerging Monitoring Techniques 1011
Rodrigo C. Rabelo
158 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 1019
Josh Smith and Robert Goggs
159 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 1030
Claire R. Sharp
C. Trauma 1039
160 Trauma Overview 1041
Erica L. Reineke
161 Trauma Center Registry 1052
Kelly Hall
162 High-Rise Syndrome 1056
Yekaterina Buriko
163 Trauma-Associated Coagulopathy 1060
Alex Lynch and Robert Goggs
164 Metabolic Consequences of Trauma 1068
Leo Roa and Elizabeth M. Streeter
165 Traumatic Orthopedic Emergencies 1072
Marian E. Benitez and Spencer A. Johnston
166 Wound Management Principles 1079
F.A. (Tony) Mann
Section 5 Fluid and Blood Product Therapy 1089
167 Crystalloid Fluid Therapy 1091
Deborah C. Silverstein and Samantha Hart
168 Colloid Fluid Therapy 1097
Marie K. Holowaychuk
169 Crystalloids Versus Colloids 1103
Jennifer Prittie and Dava Cazzolli
170 Management of Hemorrhagic Shock 1115
Andrew Linklater
171 Management of Dehydration 1126
Ashley E. Allen-Durrance and Samantha Campos
172 Maintenance Fluid Therapy 1132
Travis Lanaux
173 Potassium Supplementation 1136
Jillian DiFazio
174 Administration of Sodium Bicarbonate 1140
Jennifer E. Waldrop
175 Continuous-Rate Infusion 1147
Andrea M. Steele
176 Transfusion of Red Blood Cells and Plasma 1151
Raegan J. Wells and Brandi L. Mattison
177 Massive Transfusion 1156
Kari Santoro Beer and Amanda Thomer
Section 6 Emergency Room Procedures 1161
178 Vascular Access 1163
Matthew W. Beal
179 Intraosseous Catheters 1169
Alison Allukian and Amanda Abelson
180 Airway Management 1173
Elizabeth Rozanski
181 Oxygen Therapy 1177
Christine L. Guenther
182 Sonography in the Emergency Room 1183
Gregory R. Lisciandro
183 Thoracocentesis 1195
Melissa Bucknoff and Meghan Respess
184 Thoracostomy Tube Placement 1199
Alex Lynch and Samantha Campos
185 Pericardiocentesis 1202
Kursten V. Pierce and John E. Rush
186 Abdominocentesis 1206
Karl E. Jandrey
187 Urethral Catheterization (Including Urohydropulsion) 1210
Sean Smarick
188 Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Room 1216
Lisa L. Powell
189 Damage Control Surgery 1219
Steve J. Mehler
Section 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Emergency Room Patient 1223
190 Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Emergency Room: An Overview 1225
Lisa J. Bazzle and Benjamin M. Brainard
191 Anesthetic Concerns and Protocols for Common Conditions 1231
Becca Reader and Amanda Abelson
192 Sedation for the Emergency Room Patient 1239
Stephanie R. Krein
193 Pain Management in Critical Patients 1245
Alicia Z. Karas
194 Opioids 1250
Lois A. Wetmore
195 Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists 1255
Katherine A. Cummings
196 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 1259
Christopher L. Norkus
197 Regional Anesthesia Techniques 1263
Marlis L. de Rezende
198 Go Home Analgesics 1269
Ashley Wiese
199 Approach to the Aggressive or Fearful Emergency Room Patient 1276
Selena L. Lane and Benjamin M. Brainard
Section 8 Unique Emergency Medicine Topics 1283
200 Antimicrobial Therapy in the Emergency Patient 1285
Steven Epstein
201 Disaster Medicine 1292
Lee Palmer
202 Working Dogs in the Emergency Room 1298
Cynthia M. Otto
203 Approach to Unowned and Shelter/Rescue Animals in the Emergency Room 1303
April Paul
204 Euthanasia Considerations 1306
Katherine J. Goldberg
205 Emergency Room Design and Staffing Models 1313
Jan P. Kovacic
206 Conflict in the Emergency Room 1322
Jim Wohl
207 Maximizing Communication 1327
Laura D. Garrett
208 Basics of Clinical Study Design 1331
Kenneth J. Drobatz
209 Designing and Participating in Clinical Trials 1335
Dorothy Cimino Brown
Index