General aspects of clinical oncology
1. Basic principles of the diagnostic approach
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Clinical signs of suspected cancer
- Abdominal enlargement
- Alopecia
- Nail disorders
- Cutaneous calcinosis (calcinosis cutis)
- Faecal alterations
- Vomiting
- Oestrogen-secreting tumours
- Haematuria
- Horner syndrome
- Jaundice
- Limb swelling
2. Sample collection and transport to the laboratory
Sample collection
- Biopsies and punctures
- Biopsy material
- Endoscopic biopsy
- Fixation and storage of the sample
3. Principles of surgical oncology Safety margins
Surgical manipulation of the tumour
- Preplanning
- Proper handling
- Use of antibiotics
- Estimation of caloric and electrolyte requirements
- Cancer types by system
4. Tumours of the reproductive system in males and females
Female reproductive system:
- mammary tumours
- Introduction
- Histological classification
- Prognostic factors
- Treatment
Male reproductive system: testicular neoplasms
- Introduction
- Tumour characteristics
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
Male reproductive system: prostatic
- neoplasms
- Introduction
- Clinical signs
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
5. Skin tumours
Aetiology
Classification
Diagnostic approach in the clinic
- The importance of cytology
Common skin tumours
- Papillomas
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Neoplasms of the sebaceous glands
- Adenoma of the perianal glands or hepatoid cells
- Lipomas
- Schwannoma
- Melanoma/melanosarcoma
- Histiocytoma
- Epitheliotropic lymphoma
- Mastocytoma
- Trichoepithelioma
- Fibrosarcoma
6. Tumours of the digestive system
Oral malignancies
- Overview
- Canine oral tumours
- Feline oral tumours
Gastric neoplasms
- Overview
- Canine gastric adenocarcinoma
- Canine gastric leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma
- Alimentary lymphoma
- Canine gastric plasmacytoma
Intestinal neoplasms
- Overview
- Rectoanal polyps and papillary adenoma
- of the rectum
- Intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas
- Intestinal carcinoid tumours
- Alimentary lymphoma
7. Neoplasms of the eye and orbit
Neoplasms of the eyelids
- Neoplasms of the eyelids in dogs
- Neoplasms of the eyelids in cats
Other neoplasms
Intraocular neoplasms
Orbital neoplasms
Mesenchymal tumours
Secondary intraocular tumours
Diagnostic investigation
Treatment
8. Neoplasms of the limbs. Osteosarcoma
Aetiology
- Physical factors
- Genetic factors
Clinical signs
- In the limbs
- In the axial skeleton
- General clinical signs of systemic disturbance
Diagnosis
- Diagnostic radiology
- Cytological and histopathological diagnosis
9. Neoplasms in non-traditional species
Common tumours in non-traditional species
- Renal adenocarcinoma in a parakeet
- Osteosarcoma in a ferret
- Feather cysts
- Melanocytic tumour and squamous cell carcinoma
- Uterine tumour in a rabbit
- Abdominal tumour (ovarian) in a squirrel
- Mastocytoma in a goshawk
- Thymoma in a Bonelli’s eagle
- Bile duct carcinoma
- Cutaneous xanthomas
- Papilloma in the external ear canal of a Russian hamster
10. Practical chemotherapy
Treatments
- Adjuvant chemotherapy
- Metronomic chemotherapy
- Small molecule inhibitors (SMI)
Side effects of chemotherapy
- Neutropenia and sepsis
- Gastrointestinal disorders
Annexes
Annex 1. Most commonly used drugs in veterinary oncology
Annex 2. Weight to body surface area conversion table
References