Foreword viii
Acknowledgements x
Dedication xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Reference 2
Chapter 2 A brief history of comparative ophthalmology 3
References 8
Chapter 3 Common features of exotic animal ophthalmology 9
Ocular examination 9
Ancillary tests 11
Ocular pharmacology 13
References 13
Chapter 4 The rabbit eye 15
Introduction 15
Anatomy and physiology of the rabbit eye 15
What do rabbits see? 18
Adnexal disease 21
Diseases of the orbit 36
Diseases of the cornea 39
Diseases of the lens 44
Diseases of the iris 46
Glaucoma 49
Retinal disease 52
References 52
Chapter 5 The guinea pig eye 56
Anatomy and physiology of the guinea pig eye 56
What do guinea pigs see? 56
Diseases of the guinea pig eye 57
References 72
Chapter 6 The ferret eye 73
Anatomy and physiology of the ferret eye 73
What do ferrets see? 73
Diseases of the ferret eye 75
References 84
Chapter 7 The rat and mouse eye 86
Anatomy of the eye 86
A note on ophthalmoscopy 87
What do rats and mice see? 88
Ophthalmic disease in rats and mice 89
References 106
Chapter 8 The eye of other mammalian exotic pet species 109
Introduction 109
Hamsters 109
Gerbils 110
Chinchillas 111
Degus 111
Hedgehogs 112
Primates 114
References 116
Chapter 9 The avian eye 119
Introduction 119
Anatomy and physiology of the avian eye 119
What do birds see? 127
Evaluating the avian eye 130
Orbital disease 131
Lid and adnexal disease 135
Corneal disease 143
Uveal disease 146
Lens disease 148
Retinal disease 151
Horner’s syndrome 152
Enucleation 153
References 155
Chapter 10 The reptile eye 159
Introduction 159
Anatomy and physiology of the reptilian eye 159
Biology of the reptilian spectacle 162
What do reptiles see? 164
Diseases of the reptile eye 167
References 193
Chapter 11 The amphibian eye 197
Anatomy and physiology of the amphibian eye 197
What do amphibians see? 199
Diseases of the amphibian eye 200
Enucleation 208
Conclusion 208
References 208
Chapter 12 The fish eye 211
Introduction 211
Anatomy and physiology of the fish eye 212
What do fish see? 214
Diseases of the aquarium fish eye 216
References 227
Conclusions 228
Index 231