Chapter 1: Physics of Ultrasound.
Basic Physics of Sound Waves.
Doppler Physics.
Transducers.
Optimizing the Image.
Artifacts.
Chapter 2: The Echocardiographic Exam.
Transducer Selection.
Patient Positioning.
Normal Two-Dimensional Images and Technique.
Normal M-mode Images and Technique.
Normal Color Doppler Images and Technique.
Normal Spectral Doppler Imaging and Technique.
Normal Tissue Doppler Imaging and Technique.
Normal Strain Rate Analysis.
Chapter 3 – Evaluation of Size, Function and Hemodynamics.
Assessment and Measurement of Two-Dimensional Images.
Assessment and Measurement of M-mode Images.
Assessment of Spectral Doppler.
Assessment of Color Flow Doppler.
Evaluation of Structure and Function.
Hemodynamic Information.
Chapter 4 – Acquired Valvular Disease.
Mitral Valve Disease.
Aortic Valve Disease.
Tricuspid Valve Disease.
Pulmonic Valve Disease.
Chapter 5 – Hypertensive Heart Disease.
Systemic Hypertension.
Pulmonary Hypertension.
Chapter 6 – Myocardial Diseases.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy.
Miscellaneous Myocardial Diseases.
Chapter 7 – Pericardial Diseases, Effusions and Masses.
Effusions.
Intracardiac Neoplasia.
Extracardiac Neoplasia.
Pericarditis.
Chapter 8 – Congenital Stenotic Lesions.
Aortic Stenosis.
Pulmonic Stenosis and Double Chamber Right Ventricle.
Atrioventricular Valve Stenosis and Dysplasia.
Chapter 9 – Congenital Shunts.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
Ventricular Septal Defect.
Atrial Septal Defect.
Endocardial Cushion Defect.
Chapter 10 – Miscellaneous Congenital Defects.
Tricuspid Dysplasia.
Tetralogy of Fallot.
Cor Triatriatum.
Pericardial Peritoneal Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Truncus Arteriosus.
Multiple Concurrent Defects.
APPENDICES.
Physics of Doppler.
Normal M-mode Reference Ranges.
Normal Two Dimensional Reference Ranges.
Normal Doppler Reference Ranges.
Normal Tissue Doppler Reference Ranges.
Echocardiographic Exam Check List.
Algorithms.
Abbreviations