Preface xxiii
Acknowledgment xxv
About the Companion Website xxvii
1 Introduction 1
The Veterinary Technician’s Role in Pathology 1
Technician Duties and Required Skills 1
Diagnosis 3
Immunity 3
Factors Involved in Infectious Disease 4
Common Terminology Necessary for Understanding Pathology 4
Disinfection 5
Further Reading 7
2 Canine Infectious Disease 9
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) or Hard Pad Disease 9
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) 13
Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1) or Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) 16
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis or Kennel Cough 18
Leptospirosis 20
Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) or Dog Flu 23
Further Reading 24
3 Feline Infectious Disease 27
Feline Panleukopenia (FPV) Feline Distemper, Feline Parvo, Feline Infectious Enteritis 27
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) 30
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) or Feline Aids 33
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP or FIPV) 35
Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 38
Toxoplasmosis 40
Further Reading 42
4 Rabies 45
Rabies Virus 45
Further Reading 49
5 Respiratory Disease 51
Feline Asthma, Feline Bronchial Asthma, or Feline Allergic Bronchitis 51
Canine Bronchitis or Allergic Canine Bronchitis 53
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) 53
Respiratory Neoplasia 55
Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) 59
Rhinitis and Sinusitis 59
Collapsing Trachea (Tracheal Collapse) 61
Pneumonia 62
Pneumothorax 63
Diaphragmatic Hernia 66
Nasopharyngeal Polyps 67
Further Reading 68
6 Gastrointestinal Tract Disease 71
Periodontal Disease or Periodontitis 71
Cleft Palate or Congenital Oronasal Fistula 73
Papilloma or Puppy Warts 74
Epulis 75
Oral Melanoma 78
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 81
Oral Fibrosarcoma 82
Salivary Sialocele, Mucocele, or Salivary Gland Cyst 83
Megaesophagus or Acquired Esophageal Paralysis 87
Esophageal Obstructions or Foreign Bodies 89
Vascular Ring Anomaly (VRA) or Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA) 91
Gastroesophageal Reflux 92
Acute Gastritis 93
Gastric Ulcers 94
Gastrointestinal Obstructions 94
Pyloric Stenosis or Chronic Hypertrophic Gastropathy 95
Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV) 98
Intussusception 100
Linear Foreign Bodies 101
Chronic Enteropathy (Used To Be Called Inflammatory Bowel Disease or IBD) 103
Megacolon 104
Intestinal Neoplasia 106
Cholangiohepatitis 106
Portosystemic Shunt (PSS) or Portal Caval Shunt 109
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis (FHL) or Fatty Liver Disease 110
Hepatic Neoplasia 112
Acute Pancreatitis 113
Chronic Pancreatitis 115
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) or Pancreatic Maldigestion 116
Pancreatic Neoplasia 117
Further Reading 118
7 Urinary Tract Disease 121
Bacterial Cystitis or Urinary Tract Infection 121
Pyelonephritis 123
Urolithiasis, Urinary Calculi, or Urinary Stones 124
Urinary Obstruction or Blocked Tom 126
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) 129
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or Acute Renal Failure (ARF) 130
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), or Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) 132
Further Reading 134
8 Reproductive Disease 135
Vaginitis 135
Pyometra 136
Dystocia 138
Mastitis 139
Mammary Neoplasia 140
Prostate Disease 141
Testicular Disease 142
Male Reproductive Neoplasia 143
Further Reading 145
9 Endocrine Disease 147
Hyperthyroidism 147
Hypothyroidism 149
Hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s Syndrome 150
Hypoadrenocorticism or Addison’s Disease 152
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Sugar Diabetes 153
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Weak or Watery Diabetes 155
Further Reading 156
10 Ophthalmic Disease 157
Conjunctivitis or Pink Eye 157
Epiphora 158
Third Eyelid Prolapse or Cherry Eye 159
Entropion/Ectropion 160
Glaucoma 161
Corneal Ulcers 164
Chronic Superficial Keratitis or Pannus 165
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) or Dry Eye 166
Anterior Uveitis, Iridocyclitis, or Soft Eye 167
Cataracts 168
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) or Progressive Retinal Degeneration (PRD) 169
Further Reading 169
11 Integumentary Disease 171
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) 171
Ticks 173
Otodetic Mange or Ear Mites 175
Sarcoptes or Scabes or Sarcoptic Mange 175
Demodex or Demodectic Mange or Demodicosis 177
Pediculosis or Lice 179
Cuterebra Larvae or Botfly Larvae 181
Facultative Myiasis-Producing Flies or Maggots 182
Yeast 183
Dermatophytosis or Ringworm 184
Pyoderma or Bacterial Folliculitis 187
Seborrhea 188
Acute Moist Dermatitis or Traumatic Dermatitis or Hot Spots 189
Atopy or Allergic Dermatitis 190
Food Allergy 192
Epidermal Inclusion Cysts or Sebaceous Cysts 193
Feline Acne 194
Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor (MCT) 195
Cutaneous Histiocytoma 197
Melanoma 198
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 199
Lipoma 200
Further Reading 200
12 Musculoskeletal Disease 203
Bone Fractures 203
Osteosarcoma (OSA) 209
Panosteitis (Pano) 210
Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) 212
Hip Dysplasia 213
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 216
Patellar Luxation 217
Cranial or Anterior Cruciate Ligament (CCL or ACL) Rupture or Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) 219
Intervertebral Disk Disease (IVDD) 223
Myasthenia Gravis 225
References 226
13 Hematologic and Lymph Disease 229
Anemia 229
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) 232
Absolute Erythrocytosis or Polycythemia 235
Malignant Lymphoma or Lymphosarcoma (LSA) 236
Multiple Myeloma (Plasma Cell Tumor) 238
Chylothorax 239
Primary Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (PIMT) or Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia 240
Hemophilia 243
Von Willebrand’s Disease 244
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC) 245
Rodenticide Toxicity 246
Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (FATE) or Feline Saddle Thrombus 247
References 249
14 Diseases of Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas 251
Urolithiasis/Bladder Sludge 251
Gastric Stasis 253
Ulcerative Pododermatitis, Bumblefoot, or Sore Hock 255
Malocclusion or Slobbers 256
Heat Stroke 258
Respiratory Infection 259
Mastitis 260
Rabbit Hairballs or Trichobezoar 261
Rabbit Bupthalmia 262
Rabbit Uterine Adenocarcinoma 263
Scurvy 264
Enterotoxemia 265
Streptococcal Lymphadenitis, Cervical Lymphadenitis, or Lumps 266
Cavian Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 267
Cavian Leukemia/Lymphosarcoma 268
Guinea Pig Dystocia 268
Chinchilla Fur Slip and Fur Chewing 269
Chinchilla Gastric Tympany (Bloat) 270
Further Reading 271
15 Diseases of Ferrets 273
Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumor or Insulinoma 273
Adrenal Disease or Hyperadrenocorticism 275
Aplastic Anemia/Estrogen Toxicity 277
Lymphoma /Lymphosarcoma 278
Influenza 279
Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE) or Green Slime Diarrhea 280
Ferret Systemic Coronavirus (FRSCV) or Ferret FIP 282
Canine Distemper 283
Gastric Foreign Bodies 284
Further Reading 285
16 Diseases of Hamsters, Gerbils, and Rats 287
Malocclusions 287
Proliferative Ileitis, Proliferative Enteritis, or Wet Tail 289
Antibiotic-Associated Enterotoxemia or Clostridial Enteropathy 290
Tyzzer’s Disease or Clostridium piliforme 291
Respiratory Infections 291
Neoplasia 293
Ulcerative Pododermatitis or Bumblefoot 295
Chromodacryorrhea or Red Tears 296
Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis or Hamster Nephrosis or Renal Failure 297
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) 298
Gerbil Epileptiform Seizures 299
Gerbil Tail Slip or Tail Degloving 299
Further Reading 300
Index 301