List of Contributors xiii
Preface xxii
Section 1 Clinical Toxicology 1
Chapter 1 Decontamination and Detoxification of the Poisoned Patient 3
Chapter 2 Emergency Management of the Poisoned Patient 13
Chapter 3 Antidotes and Other Useful Drugs 20
Chapter 4 Identification and Management of the Unknown Toxicant 32
Chapter 5 Laboratory Diagnostics for Toxicology 41
Chapter 6 Medico-legal Considerations for Companion Animal Practitioners 48
Chapter 7 Pet Food 53
Section 2 Specific Toxins and Toxicants 57
Alcohols and Glycol Ethers 59
Chapter 8 Alcohols 61
Chapter 9 Ethylene Glycol and Diethylene Glycol 66
Chapter 10 Propylene Glycol 73
Construction and Industrial Materials 79
Chapter 11 Glues and Adhesives 81
Chapter 12 Hydrocarbons 86
Chapter 13 Hydrofluoric Acid 93
Drugs: Human Prescription 99
Chapter 14 5-Fluorouracil 101
Chapter 15 Amphetamines 107
Chapter 16 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 111
Chapter 17 Antiseizure Medications (Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Others) 117
Chapter 18 Atypical Antipsychotics (Abilify® and Others) 124
Chapter 19 Baclofen 129
Chapter 20 Benzodiazepines 134
Chapter 21 Beta-2 Receptor Agonists (Albuterol and Others) 139
Chapter 22 Beta Receptor Antagonists (Beta-blockers) 145
Chapter 23 Calcipotriene/Calcipotriol 153
Chapter 24 Calcium Channel Blockers 158
Chapter 25 Colchicine 165
Chapter 26 Cyclosporine A 169
Chapter 27 Diuretics 173
Chapter 28 Estrogen and Progesterone 180
Chapter 29 Gabapentin 186
Chapter 30 Nonbenzodiazepine Sleep Aids 189
Chapter 31 Opiates and Opioids 193
Chapter 32 SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants 201
Chapter 33 Tacrolimus 206
Chapter 34 Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) 211
Drugs: Illicit and Recreational 217
Chapter 35 Cannabidiol (CBD) 219
Chapter 36 Club Drugs (MDMA, GHB, Flunitrazepam, Bath Salts) 226
Chapter 37 Cocaine 233
Chapter 38 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 239
Chapter 39 Marijuana (THC) 243
Chapter 40 Methamphetamine 252
Chapter 41 Miscellaneous Hallucinogens and Dissociative Agents 258
Chapter 42 Opiates and Opioids (Illicit) 265
Chapter 43 Phencyclidine (PCP) 273
Chapter 44 Synthetic Cannabinoids 278
Drugs: Over the Counter 285
Chapter 45 Acetaminophen 287
Chapter 46 Aspirin 293
Chapter 47 Calcium Supplements 299
Chapter 48 Decongestants (Imidazolines) 303
Chapter 49 Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine) 308
Chapter 50 Dextromethorphan 314
Chapter 51 Human NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen) 319
Chapter 52 Loperamide 325
Chapter 53 Minoxidil 330
Chapter 54 Nicotine and Tobacco 337
Chapter 55 Vitamins and Minerals 343
Drugs: Veterinary Prescription 353
Chapter 56 Alpha-2-adrenergic Agonists 355
Chapter 57 Isoxazolines 361
Chapter 58 Macrocyclic Lactones 367
Chapter 59 Phenylpropanolamine 375
Chapter 60 Pimobendan 380
Chapter 61 Veterinary NSAIDs 385
Envenomations and Internal Toxins 391
Chapter 62 Black Widow Spiders 393
Chapter 63 Brown Recluse Spiders 397
Chapter 64 Crotalids (Pit Vipers) 402
Chapter 65 Elapids (Coral Snakes) 414
Chapter 66 Other Zootoxins (Venomous Lizards [Heloderma], Poisonous Salamanders [Newts], and Frogs 421
Chapter 67 Scorpions 428
Chapter 68 Toads 433
Chapter 69 Wasps, Hornets, and Bees 438
Foods 447
Chapter 70 Bread Dough 449
Chapter 71 Chocolate and Caffeine 454
Chapter 72 Grapes and Raisins 460
Chapter 73 Hops 464
Chapter 74 Macadamia Nuts 468
Chapter 75 Mycotoxins (Aflatoxin) 472
Chapter 76 Mycotoxins (Tremorgenic) 477
Chapter 77 Onions and Garlic 483
Chapter 78 Salt (Sodium Chloride) 489
Chapter 79 Xylitol 495
Foreign Objects 501
Chapter 80 Foreign Objects 503
Garden, Yard, and Farm Chemicals 509
Chapter 81 Bone and Blood Meal 511
Chapter 82 Diquat and Paraquat 515
Chapter 83 Fertilizers 523
Chapter 84 Herbicides 527
Chapter 85 Methionine 533
Herbals 539
Chapter 86 Ephedra (Ma Huang) 541
Chapter 87 Essential Oils and Liquid Potpourri 546
Chapter 88 Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) 552
Home Care and Recreational Products 557
Chapter 89 Acids 559
Chapter 90 Alkalis 565
Chapter 91 Batteries 571
Chapter 92 Matches and Fireworks 577
Chapter 93 Mothballs 583
Chapter 94 Paintballs 590
Chapter 95 Phenols and Pine Oils 598
Chapter 96 Soaps, Detergents, Fabric Softeners, Enzymatic Cleaners, and Deodorizers 605
Insecticides and Molluscicides 611
Chapter 97 Amitraz 613
Chapter 98 Imidacloprid and Other Neonicotinoids 619
Chapter 99 Metaldehyde 623
Chapter 100 Miscellaneous Insecticides (Fipronil and Spinosad) 628
Chapter 101 Organophosphorus and Carbamate Anticholinesterase Pesticides 633
Chapter 102 Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids 640
Metals and Metalloids 647
Chapter 103 Iron 649
Chapter 104 Lead 656
Chapter 105 Zinc 662
Nondrug Consumer Products 667
Chapter 106 Glow Jewelry and Toys (Dibutyl Phthalate) 669
Chapter 107 Fluoride 673
Plants and Biotoxins 679
Chapter 108 Azaleas and Rhododendrons 681
Chapter 109 Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria): Anatoxin-A 687
Chapter 110 Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria): Microcystins 692
Chapter 111 Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria): Others 698
Chapter 112 Cardiac Glycosides 704
Chapter 113 Cyanogenic Glycosides 715
Chapter 114 Lilies 723
Chapter 115 Mushrooms 732
Chapter 116 Oxalates (Insoluble) 740
Chapter 117 Oxalates (Soluble) 749
Chapter 118 Sago Palm (Cycads) 756
Chapter 119 Spring Bulbs 764
Chapter 120 Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Plant 771
Chapter 121 Yew 778
Rodenticides 785
Chapter 122 Anticoagulant Rodenticides 787
Chapter 123 Bromethalin 795
Chapter 124 Cholecalciferol 801
Chapter 125 Sodium Monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080®) 807
Chapter 126 Phosphides 812
Chapter 127 Strychnine 819
Toxic Gases 825
Chapter 128 Carbon Monoxide 827
Chapter 129 Smoke Inhalation 832
Section 3 Reference Information 839
Appendix 1 Abbreviations 841
Appendix 2 Anthelmintics 848
Appendix 3 Information Resources for Toxicology 853
Appendix 4 Other Metallic Toxicants 859
Appendix 5 Calculations for the Evaluation of Toxicity 865
Appendix 6 Topical Toxins: Common Human OTC Dermatological Preparations 869
Appendix 7 Toxic Plants: Clinical Signs, Antidotes, and Treatment 875
Index by Toxins and Toxicants 886
Index by Clinical Signs and Syndromes 924